Optimizing Hybrid Photovoltaic/Battery/Diesel
The optimal design and allocation of a hybrid microgrid system consisting of photovoltaic resources, battery storage, and a backup diesel
The photovoltaic-hydrogen-storage (PHS) microgrid system cleverly integrates renewable clean energy and hydrogen storage, providing a sustainable solution that maximizes the solar energy utilization. However, the changeable weather conditions and fluid market make it challenging to manage energy balance of the system.
In a microgrid, energy storage performs multiple functions, such as ensuring power quality, performing frequency and voltage regulation, smoothing the output of renewable energy sources, providing backup power for the system, and playing a crucial role in cost optimization.
As mentioned earlier, the PHS microgrid system is directly exposed to the environmental conditions, especially affected by the intermittency and fluctuations of solar energy. A sudden drop of solar radiation may lead to the interruption in both internal power supply and system energy balance.
The energy storage system has an important role in a microgrid exploitation because it allows the flexibility needed to assure the balance between the production and consumption, in the presence of variations of either loads or intermittent sources.
To address the challenges posed by the large-scale integration of electric vehicles and new energy sources on the stability of power system operations and the efficient utilization of new energy, the integrated photovoltaic-energy storage-charging model emerges.
As is illustrated, the PHS microgrid system is composed of a PV energy source, a battery bank, a proton electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), an electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage tank, an energy consumer and a connection to an electric utility (EU).

The optimal design and allocation of a hybrid microgrid system consisting of photovoltaic resources, battery storage, and a backup diesel
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