Solar resource assessment The analysis of Malawi's solar energy potential revealed significant seasonal and regional variations in solar irradiance, essential for understanding its suitability for solar energy systems.
For instance, due to increased blackouts and inadequate grid electricity in Malawi, most dwellers have resorted to rooftop solar PV whereas at large scale Malawi has recently added 80 MW of solar PV into the national grid [13, 14].
These restricted zones, which include lakes, reserves, and notably, Lake Malawi, present significant challenges for solar PV installations due to their ecological and conservation value. This discrepancy underscores the need for Malawi to find a balance between preserving its environmental assets and advancing its renewable energy goals.
The availability of localized solar irradiance data enables the analysis of site-specific solar energy potential, making Malawi an ideal case for exploring the feasibility and optimization of photovoltaic (PV) systems.
During summer months, such as January, increased cloud cover and rainfall result in higher diffuse fractions, which can impact the overall efficiency of solar energy systems. Overall, Malawi has substantial solar energy potential, with high-GHI months such as October and September being optimal for PV power generation.
The average annual diffuse fraction is 10.61 %, suggesting low aerosol interference. The study showed an average annual solar energy yield of 14.11 TWh and a capacity factor of 21.48 % on each grid in Malawi, with a stable average COV for GHI at 24.84 %.
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