Investigation of electrolytes of the vanadium redox flow
The all-vanadium redox flow battery [1], [2](VRFB) has received an increased attention as a promising energy storage solution in use of the integration of renewable energy
Vanadium electrolyte (VOSO4 solution), as an energy storage material, is the core component of VRFB, and its quality directly affects the vanadium battery performance ( Huang et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2021; Vinco et al., 2021 ).
1. Introduction Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are a promising technology for large-scale energy storage applications involving renewable energy.
The preparation of VOSO 4 electrolyte from the vanadium slag is depicted in a flowchart Fig. S2. The leaching of CaV 2 O 5 with Na 2 CO 3 solution produced the PLS containing vanadium.
Vanadium (V (IV)) is obtained in the form of calcium salt (CaV 2 O 5, V (IV)), from which the more valuable product of vanadyl sulfate (VOSO 4) electrolyte can be manufactured.
Vanadium electrolyte preparation The solution obtained after stripping was treated with sulfurous acid (H 2 SO 3) to reduce the small amount of V (V) formed during leaching, back to V (IV). Subsequently, the resultant stripping solution was layered in a water bath at 80 °C for 6 h to remove the organic film on top.
To address this problem, herein, low valence vanadium (LVV) solution is produced from vanadium slag under controlled oxidation, additionally, V (IV), Fe (II), Cr (III), and Mn (II) are separated from the LVV solution through sodium diethyldithiocarbamate complexation (DDTC), based on previous studies.

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