Environmental-economic analysis of the secondary use of
Frequent electricity shortages undermine economic activities and social well-being, thus the development of sustainable energy storage systems (ESSs) becomes a center
In recent years, many models for base station power con-sumption have been proposed in the literature. The work in proposed a widely used power consumption model, which explicitly shows the linear relationship between the power transmitted by the BS and its consumed power.
Overall, 5G communication base stations' energy consumption comprises static and dynamic power consumption . Among them, static power consumption pertains to the reduction in energy required in 5G communication base stations that remains constant regardless of service load or output transmission power.
The fundamental parameters of the base stations are listed in Table 1. The energy storage battery for each base station has a rated capacity of 18 kWh, a maximum charge/discharge power of 3 kW, a SOC range from 10% to 90%, and an efficiency of 0.85.
Analogous to traditional distribution networks, the operation of distribution systems incorporating 5G communication base stations must adhere to active and reactive power flow constraints.
Figure 1 illustrates the equipment composition of a typical 5G communication base station, which mainly consists of 2 aspects: a communication unit and a power supply unit.
Debaillie, C. Desset, and F. Louagie, “A flexible and future-proof power model for cellular base stations,” in IEEE 81st Vehicular Tech-nology Conference (VTC Spring), 2015, pp. 1–7. S.

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