(PDF) Dispatching strategy of base station backup power
With the mass construction of 5G base stations, the backup batteries of base stations remain idle for most of the time. It is necessary to explore these massive 5G base
5G base stations have experienced rapid growth, making their demand response capability non-negligible. However, the collaborative optimization of the distribution network and 5G base stations is challenging due to the complex coupling, competing interests, and information asymmetry among different stakeholders.
The limited penetration capability of millimeter waves necessitates the deployment of significantly more 5G base stations (the next generation Node B, gNB) than their 4G counterparts to ensure network coverage . Notably, the power consumption of a gNB is very high, up to 3–4 times of the power consumption of a 4G base stations (BSs).
In this paper, a distributed collaborative optimization approach is proposed for power distribution and communication networks with 5G base stations. Firstly, the model of 5G base stations considering communication load demand migration and energy storage dynamic backup is established.
Afterward, a collaborative optimal operation model of power distribution and communication networks is designed to fully explore the operation flexibility of 5G base stations, and then an improved distributed algorithm based on the ADMM is developed to achieve the collaborative optimization equilibrium.
If the communication load can only connect to one 5G BS, the base station cannot enter a hibernation state by load migration. In addition, the capacity of 5G BS to carry the communication load has an upper limit, dependent on the transmission traffic constraints and transmission power constraints, as shown in Equations (10), (11).
The 5G network and power system are coupled energetically by power feeders. Based on gNB-sleep actions and mode switching of their BESSs, 5G network can provide power support to the power system when the grid frequency deviation reaches the threshold.

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